> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://gchandra.gitbook.io/big-data-and-tools-with-nosql/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://gchandra.gitbook.io/big-data-and-tools-with-nosql/industry-trends/good-reads/ip-and-subnet.md).
# IP & SUBNET
**Octet:** An octet in networking typically refers to a group of eight bits.
Each octet ranges from 0 to 255, representing a possible 256 values.
In the context of IP addresses, which are commonly represented in dotted-decimal notation
(like 192.168.1.1), each number between the dots is an octet.
For example, in the IP address `192.168.1.1`:
* `192` is the first octet
* `168` is the second octet
* `1` is the third octet
* `1` is the fourth octet
**Network IP:** A Network IP (Internet Protocol) address is a logical address assigned to a network or subnet, rather than an individual device or host.
**Broadcast IP**: The broadcast IP address is a special IP address that is used to send data to all devices on a network subnet simultaneously. When a packet is sent to the broadcast IP address, it is received by every device on the subnet, regardless of their individual IP addresses.
Task: You need to configure a network with 100 IP addresses and split it into 4 smaller networks for 4 differnet projects your company is working on.
* Network: `192.168.1.0/24`
* Usable IP Range: `192.168.1.1` to `192.168.1.254`
* Broadcast: `192.168.1.255`
**Subnet Details:**
* **Subnet 1:**
* Network ID: `192.168.1.0/26`
* Usable IP Range: `192.168.1.1` to `192.168.1.62`
* Broadcast Address: `192.168.1.63`
* **Subnet 2:**
* Network ID: `192.168.1.64/26`
* Usable IP Range: `192.168.1.65` to `192.168.1.126`
* Broadcast Address: `192.168.1.127`
* **Subnet 3:**
* Network ID: `192.168.1.128/26`
* Usable IP Range: `192.168.1.129` to `192.168.1.190`
* Broadcast Address: `192.168.1.191`
* **Subnet 4:**
* Network ID: `192.168.1.192/26`
* Usable IP Range: `192.168.1.193` to `192.168.1.254`
* Broadcast Address: `192.168.1.255`
**CIDR** stands for **Classlesss Inter-Domain Routing**.
It enables network administrators to group blocks of IP addresses into single routing networks. CIDR accomplishes the same task as traditional subnet masking.
\
CIDR Converstion Table
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